Welcome to CarDuka. These Terms and Conditions govern your access to and use of the CarDuka platform (accessible at carduka.com and via the CarDuka mobile applications on iOS and Android). CarDuka is Kenya's trusted digital automotive marketplace and ecosystem, operated by NCBA Leasing LLP (“CarDuka,” “we,” “us,” or “our”).
CarDuka is part of the Duka Marketplaces Ecosystem, which also includes PropertyDuka and AuctionsDuka. Your CarDuka Account may grant you access to these other platforms under their respective Terms and Conditions.
IMPORTANT: By accessing or using CarDuka, you (“User,” “you,” or “your”) agree to be bound by these Terms. If you are using CarDuka on behalf of a business, you represent that you have authority to bind that business to these Terms. If you do not agree, you must immediately cease using the platform.
1. Definitions
In these Terms and Conditions, the following words and expressions shall have the meanings assigned to them below, unless the context otherwise requires:
“Account”The registered user profile created by a User to access the Platform.
“Auction”A competitive bidding process facilitated through the Platform by which a vehicle is sold to the highest bidder above the Reserve Price.
“Buyer”Any User who acquires, bids for, or expresses interest in acquiring a vehicle or other goods or services listed on the Platform.
“Content”Any text, images, photographs, videos, data, listings, reviews, communications, or other materials uploaded or posted by Users on the Platform.
“Data Protection Laws”The Data Protection Act, 2019 (No. 24 of 2019) of Kenya, the Data Protection (General) Regulations, 2021, and any related subsidiary legislation or guidelines issued by the Office of the Data Protection Commissioner.
“Dealer”A licensed motor vehicle dealer who has completed CarDuka's enhanced verification process and been approved to NCBA's panel of verified sellers, resulting in the award of the NCBA Verified Car Seller Badge.
“Listing”Any advertisement, offer, or posting of a vehicle or services made available on the Platform by a Seller.
“NCBA Leasing”NCBA Leasing LLP, the subsidiary of NCBA Group PLC that owns and operates CarDuka and the wider Duka Marketplaces Ecosystem.
“Personal Data”Has the meaning assigned to it under the Data Protection Act, 2019 of Kenya.
“Platform”The CarDuka website (carduka.com), mobile applications on iOS and Android, APIs, and any other digital interface through which CarDuka is accessed.
“Reserve Price”The minimum price set by an Auction Seller below which a vehicle will not be sold.
“Seller”Any User who lists, offers, or makes available a vehicle or services on the Platform for sale, lease, or auction.
“Transaction”Any purchase, sale, bid, offer, lease arrangement, financing application, insurance application, or other commercial interaction facilitated through the Platform.
“User”Any individual or entity that accesses or uses the Platform, whether as a Buyer, Seller, Dealer, or visitor.
2. Account Registration and Eligibility
2.1 Eligibility
To create an Account, you must:
- (a)Be at least eighteen (18) years of age or the age of legal majority in your jurisdiction, whichever is higher;
- (b)Have the legal capacity to enter into a binding agreement;
- (c)Provide accurate, current, and complete registration information; and
- (d)Not have been previously suspended or removed from CarDuka or any Duka Marketplace for violation of these Terms.
2.2 Identity Verification
All Users are required to verify their identity through CarDuka's verification process, which integrates with Kenya's Integrated Population Registration System (IPRS) to validate National ID numbers and registered phone numbers. This verification is a prerequisite for engaging in Transactions on the Platform. For Dealers and corporate Users, additional business documentation (including Certificate of Incorporation and KRA PIN) is required.
2.3 Linked Accounts Across Duka Marketplaces
CarDuka is part of the Duka Marketplaces Ecosystem. Your Account credentials may grant you access to other Duka Marketplace platforms (PropertyDuka, AuctionsDuka) using the same registration details. Your profile information, verification status, and trust ratings may be shared across these platforms to enable a seamless experience. Each marketplace is governed by its own Terms and Conditions.
2.4 Account Security
You are solely responsible for maintaining the confidentiality of your Account credentials (including your PIN) and for all activities that occur under your Account. You agree to:
- (a)Create a strong PIN/password and not share it with any third party;
- (b)Notify CarDuka immediately at hello@carduka.com if you become aware of any unauthorised access to your Account;
- (c)Ensure that you log out of your Account at the end of each session, particularly when accessing the Platform from shared or public devices; and
- (d)Accept responsibility for any losses arising from your failure to comply with these security obligations.
2.5 Account Suspension, Termination and Effect
CarDuka reserves the right to suspend or terminate any Account that we reasonably believe has been compromised, is being used fraudulently, or is in violation of these Terms. Where an Account is suspended or terminated: all active Listings will be immediately deactivated; pending Transactions may be cancelled; fees paid in advance for services not yet rendered shall be refunded on a pro-rata basis, except where suspension arises from a breach by the User; and CarDuka shall not be liable to you or any third party for any loss or damage resulting from suspension or termination.
3. Data Protection and Privacy
CarDuka (operated by NCBA Leasing LLP) is the Data Controller for Personal Data collected through this Platform within the meaning of the Data Protection Act, 2019 of Kenya. Our Data Protection Officer can be contacted at dpo@ncbagroup.com.
We process your Personal Data on lawful bases including consent, performance of a contract, compliance with legal obligations, and legitimate interests. Categories of Personal Data we collect include: identity information, contact information, financial information, device and technical information, transaction data, location data, communication data, and verification data.
Your Personal Data may be shared with NCBA Group entities (for financial product applications), third-party service providers (payment processors, logistics, verification, cloud services), government and regulatory bodies, and other Duka Marketplace platforms within the Duka Marketplaces Ecosystem.
For full details on how we collect, use, and protect your Personal Data, please read our Privacy Policy, which forms part of these Terms.
4. User Conduct and Prohibited Activities
Users agree to use CarDuka lawfully, ethically, and in good faith. You shall not use the Platform in any manner that could damage, disable, overburden, or impair its operation or interfere with any other User's use and enjoyment of the Platform.
4.2 Prohibited Activities
The following activities are strictly prohibited:
- (a)Fraud and Misrepresentation — Posting false, misleading, or deceptive Listings; misrepresenting the condition, ownership, or characteristics of any vehicle; providing false verification documents.
- (b)Illegal Activity — Using the Platform to facilitate any activity that violates the laws of Kenya or any applicable jurisdiction, including money laundering, terrorism financing, tax evasion, and trafficking in prohibited goods.
- (c)Intellectual Property Infringement — Listing counterfeit goods; using another party's trademarks, copyrighted material, or proprietary information without authorisation.
- (d)Spam and Abuse — Sending unsolicited commercial communications; posting repetitive or irrelevant Content; manipulating search results or rankings.
- (e)Security Circumvention — Attempting to bypass security measures, identity verification, or access controls; using automated tools (bots, scrapers) to extract data without authorisation.
- (f)Harassment — Engaging in abusive, threatening, discriminatory, or harassing behaviour towards other Users or staff.
- (g)Off-Platform Transactions — Soliciting or encouraging Transactions outside the Platform to avoid fees, protections, verification, or audit trails.
5. Intellectual Property
5.1 Our Intellectual Property
All intellectual property in CarDuka — including platform software, website design, logos, trademarks, trade dress, text, graphics, AI algorithms, and underlying technology — is the exclusive property of NCBA Leasing LLP or its licensors and is protected under the laws of Kenya and international intellectual property conventions. No part of the Platform may be reproduced, distributed, modified, reverse-engineered, or commercially exploited without prior written consent.
5.2 User Content
By posting Content on CarDuka, you represent and warrant that you own or have the necessary rights to the Content, and that it does not infringe any third party's intellectual property rights. You grant CarDuka a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free, transferable, sublicensable licence to use, reproduce, modify, display, distribute, and create derivative works from such Content for the purposes of operating and promoting the Platform and the Duka Marketplaces Ecosystem, including use in AI-powered tools and recommendation engines.
5.3 Takedown Procedure
If you believe that any Content on the Platform infringes your intellectual property rights, please submit a written notice to hello@carduka.com including: identification of the work claimed to be infringed; identification of the allegedly infringing Content; your contact information; a statement of good faith belief that the use is unauthorised; and a declaration under penalty of perjury that the information is accurate. We will respond within fourteen (14) working days.
6. Fees, Payments and Taxes
6.1 Platform Fees
CarDuka may charge fees for the use of certain services, including but not limited to listing fees, transaction commissions, subscription fees, premium placement fees, auction bidding fees, buyer's premiums, and value-added services. The applicable fee schedule is published on the Platform and may be updated from time to time with reasonable notice.
6.2 Payment Methods
Payments may be processed through approved payment channels, including M-PESA and other mobile money platforms, bank transfers, credit and debit card payments, and such other methods as may be made available from time to time.
6.3 Fee Disputes and Refunds
If you believe that a fee has been incorrectly charged to your Account, you must raise a dispute within thirty (30) days of the charge by contacting hello@carduka.com with full details.
6.4 Taxes
You are responsible for determining, reporting, and paying all taxes applicable to your use of the Platform and any Transactions, including value-added tax (VAT), capital gains tax, and any other applicable levies. CarDuka may be required to collect and remit certain taxes on behalf of Users in accordance with the Tax Procedures Act, 2015 and Kenya Revenue Authority directives.
7. Limitation of Liability
7.1 Role of CarDuka
CarDuka operates as a facilitator and intermediary connecting Buyers, Sellers, Dealers, and Auction Sellers. Unless expressly stated otherwise, CarDuka is not a party to Transactions between Buyers and Sellers and does not guarantee the quality, safety, legality, or availability of any vehicle listed on the Platform.
7.2 Disclaimer of Warranties
THE PLATFORM IS PROVIDED ON AN “AS IS” AND “AS AVAILABLE” BASIS WITHOUT WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. CARDUKA DOES NOT WARRANT THAT THE PLATFORM WILL BE UNINTERRUPTED, ERROR-FREE, SECURE, OR FREE OF VIRUSES OR OTHER HARMFUL COMPONENTS.
7.3 Limitation of Liability
TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY THE LAWS OF KENYA — INCLUDING THE CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT, 2012 — CARDUKA'S TOTAL AGGREGATE LIABILITY ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THESE TERMS OR YOUR USE OF THE PLATFORM SHALL NOT EXCEED THE TOTAL FEES PAID BY YOU TO CARDUKA IN THE TWELVE (12) MONTHS PRECEDING THE EVENT GIVING RISE TO THE CLAIM. IN NO EVENT SHALL CARDUKA BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES.
7.4 Indemnification
You agree to indemnify, defend, and hold harmless CarDuka, NCBA Leasing LLP, and their respective officers, directors, employees, and agents from and against any and all claims, liabilities, damages, losses, costs, and expenses arising out of or in connection with your use of the Platform, your Content, or your violation of these Terms.
8. Dispute Resolution
8.1 User-to-User Disputes
CarDuka is not a party to Transactions between Users. Disputes between Buyers and Sellers are primarily to be resolved directly between them. CarDuka's involvement in any User-to-User dispute is limited to providing documented transaction records and Platform activity logs where lawfully requested.
8.2 Between Users and CarDuka
Any dispute arising out of or in connection with these Terms or the use of the Platform shall be resolved as follows:
- (a)Negotiation — The parties shall first attempt to resolve the dispute through good faith negotiation within thirty (30) days of written notice to hello@carduka.com. CarDuka will acknowledge your complaint within three (3) working days and provide a substantive response within fourteen (14) working days.
- (b)Mediation — If negotiation fails, the parties shall submit the dispute to mediation under the Nairobi Centre for International Arbitration (NCIA) Mediation Rules.
- (c)Arbitration — If mediation fails, the dispute shall be referred to and finally resolved by arbitration under the NCIA Arbitration Rules. The seat shall be Nairobi, Kenya, and the language shall be English. The arbitral award shall be final and binding.
8.3 Consumer Rights
Nothing in these Terms limits or excludes any rights you may have as a consumer under the Consumer Protection Act, 2012. Users protected as consumers under that Act may refer unresolved complaints to the Competition Authority of Kenya or seek redress through the small claims courts where applicable.
8.4 Governing Law
These Terms shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the Republic of Kenya.
9. General Provisions
9.1 Amendments
CarDuka reserves the right to amend these Terms at any time. Material changes will be communicated through the Platform or via email at least fourteen (14) days before taking effect. If you do not accept the amended Terms, you may close your Account.
9.2 Severability
If any provision of these Terms is found to be invalid, illegal, or unenforceable, the remaining provisions shall continue in full force and effect.
9.3 Entire Agreement
These Terms, together with the Privacy Policy and any other policies referenced herein, constitute the entire agreement between you and CarDuka with respect to your use of the Platform and supersede all prior agreements.
9.4 Waiver
CarDuka's failure to enforce any right or provision of these Terms shall not constitute a waiver of such right or provision.
9.5 Assignment
You may not assign or transfer your rights or obligations under these Terms without prior written consent from CarDuka. CarDuka may assign its rights and obligations to any affiliate or successor entity within the Duka Marketplaces Ecosystem without your consent.
9.6 Force Majeure
CarDuka shall not be liable for any failure or delay in performing its obligations due to circumstances beyond its reasonable control, including natural disasters, pandemics, government actions, civil unrest, cyber attacks, telecommunications failures, or failures of third-party service providers.
9.7 Multi-Jurisdiction Users
CarDuka is currently available in Kenya and Rwanda. These Terms are governed exclusively by the laws of Kenya regardless of the User's jurisdiction. Users in other jurisdictions access the Platform at their own risk and are responsible for compliance with local laws.
9.8 Notices
All formal notices to CarDuka under these Terms shall be in writing and delivered by email to hello@carduka.com or by registered post to the Registered Office.
10. Scope of CarDuka Services
CarDuka is designed to make buying, selling, financing, leasing, insuring, and maintaining a car seamless, safe, and accessible. CarDuka connects verified buyers, private sellers, licensed used car dealers, fleet managers, financial institutions, and insurance providers within a single integrated platform.
CarDuka currently offers the following core services:
- (a)Used Car Marketplace — A searchable marketplace for private sellers and Dealers, with granular search filters, HD photographs, and AI-powered car reviews.
- (b)Auction Cars — An online Auction platform for motor vehicles, including repossessed vehicles, fleet disposals, trade-ins, and private auction listings.
- (c)Trade-In Marketplace — A dedicated marketplace where Users can list their current vehicle for Dealers to bid on, facilitating trade-in as part of an upgrade purchase.
- (d)Self-Listing (Private Seller) — A self-service listing tool enabling private Sellers to create and manage their own vehicle Listings in under two minutes.
- (e)Car Financing — Integrated access to vehicle asset finance through NCBA Bank Kenya PLC, with up to 100% financing and real-time application status tracking.
- (f)Motor Insurance — Integrated access to comprehensive and third-party motor vehicle insurance products through NCBA Bancassurance, underwritten by approved insurers.
- (g)AI-Powered Tools — AI-driven car reviews, pricing recommendations, personalised vehicle recommendations, and an AI chatbot for platform assistance.
- (h)Dealer Dashboard and Microsites — Tools for licensed Dealers including inventory management, lead tracking, analytics, and a customisable digital showroom.
- (i)Mileage & Ownership Verification — Links and tools enabling Buyers to independently verify vehicle mileage and ownership through NTSA eCitizen.
- (j)Logbook Financing — Integrated access to a logbook-secured loan facility through NCBA Bank Kenya PLC.
- (k)Insurance Premium Financing — Integrated access to a short-term credit facility through NCBA Bank Kenya PLC to pay motor insurance premiums in affordable instalments.
- (l)Car Lease — Integrated access to vehicle lease arrangements through NCBA Leasing LLP.
- (m)Dealership Financing — Integrated access to working capital and stock financing facilities through NCBA Bank Kenya PLC for licensed Dealers.
11. Vehicle Listings
11.1 Listing Standards
All Listings are subject to CarDuka's quality review and moderation process. CarDuka reserves the right to reject, edit, or remove any Listing that does not meet Platform standards, contains inaccurate information, or violates these Terms.
11.2 Prohibited Listings
The following vehicles may not be listed on CarDuka:
- (a)Stolen vehicles or vehicles with disputed ownership;
- (b)Vehicles that do not meet NTSA roadworthiness requirements, unless disclosed as non-running or for parts only;
- (c)Vehicles intended for scrap or salvage without appropriate and prominent disclosure;
- (d)Vehicles with outstanding liens, logbook loans, or other encumbrances, unless fully and prominently disclosed in the Listing;
- (e)Vehicles with tampered or rolled-back odometer readings;
- (f)Counterfeit, cloned, or illegally modified vehicles; and
- (g)Any vehicle whose sale would contravene the laws of Kenya.
11.3 Dealer Obligations
Licensed motor vehicle Dealers must: hold a valid business licence and all applicable regulatory authorisations; have completed the enhanced Dealer verification process and been awarded the NCBA Verified Car Seller Badge; clearly identify themselves as commercial Dealers in all Listings; and comply with the Consumer Protection Act, 2012 and all applicable consumer protection regulations.
12. Buying and Selling Vehicles
12.1 Role of CarDuka
CarDuka facilitates connections between Buyers and Sellers but is not a party to the Transaction directly between them. CarDuka does not verify the mechanical condition of vehicles and makes no warranty as to their fitness for purpose.
12.2 Buyer Responsibilities
Buyers are solely responsible for:
- (a)Conducting independent due diligence including physical inspection, test drives, and professional mechanical assessment before committing to purchase;
- (b)Verifying vehicle ownership with NTSA via the eCitizen portal;
- (c)Verifying vehicle mileage through available verification tools, including Japanese export records where applicable;
- (d)Confirming the vehicle is free from encumbrances, outstanding logbook loans, and third-party claims;
- (e)Arranging and paying for all transfer of ownership costs, including NTSA transfer fees;
- (f)Obtaining valid motor insurance before taking possession of the vehicle; and
- (g)Satisfying themselves as to the roadworthiness and legal status of the vehicle before purchase.
Recommendation: CarDuka strongly recommends that Buyers obtain a pre-purchase inspection from a qualified and independent mechanic before completing any vehicle purchase. Links to ownership and mileage verification tools are available on the Platform.
12.3 Seller Responsibilities
Sellers are solely responsible for:
- (a)Ensuring they hold clear legal title to the vehicle at the time of listing and sale;
- (b)Providing accurate and truthful Listing information and promptly disclosing all material defects, prior accidents, flood damage, and modifications;
- (c)Not tampering with or misrepresenting odometer readings;
- (d)Facilitating reasonable inspection and test drives upon request from a verified Buyer;
- (e)Cooperating fully and promptly in the transfer of ownership including attending NTSA for ownership change where required; and
- (f)Complying with all applicable tax obligations arising from the sale.
12.4 Transfer of Ownership
Legal title to a vehicle does not pass to the Buyer until the transfer of ownership is completed and the vehicle is re-registered in the Buyer's name through NTSA. CarDuka is not responsible for any delays, complications, or costs arising from the NTSA transfer process. Both Buyer and Seller are responsible for cooperating in a timely manner to complete the transfer.
13. Vehicle Auction Rules
13.1 Bidder Obligations
By registering to bid in a CarDuka Auction, you confirm that:
- (a)You have read and understood the Listing and any associated vehicle inspection reports;
- (b)You are financially prepared and able to complete the purchase at the price bid;
- (c)Bids cannot be retracted or cancelled once placed;
- (d)You have the financial capacity and intention to complete the purchase if you are the winning bidder;
- (e)You have verified the vehicle details to your satisfaction before placing your Bid; and
- (f)Bidding fees, where applicable, are payable in connection with placing a Bid and are non-refundable in all circumstances (except where a bidding fee payment failed to reflect in the CarDuka system).
13.2 Auction Seller Obligations
Auction Sellers must: provide accurate and complete information about the vehicle being auctioned; set a Reserve Price where applicable and honour it; have lawful authority to sell the vehicle; make the vehicle available for inspection by registered bidders prior to the Auction; and complete the transfer of ownership to the winning bidder without delay.
13.3 “As-Is, Where-Is” Sales
Unless expressly stated otherwise in the Listing, all vehicles sold through the Auction feature are sold on a strict “as-is, where-is” basis. CarDuka and the Auction Seller give no warranty as to the condition, roadworthiness, fitness for purpose, or title of the vehicle. This clause is particularly applicable to repossessed vehicles sold by financial institutions, which may have unknown mechanical histories.
13.4 CarDuka-Initiated Auction Cancellation
CarDuka reserves the right to cancel an Auction prior to its close if the Listing contains material inaccuracies, a technical error has materially affected the Auction process, or the Auction Seller has violated these Terms. In the event of a CarDuka-initiated cancellation, all Bids will be voided and any bidding fees paid will be refunded.
14. NCBA Financial Products
CarDuka integrates access to the following NCBA financial products:
- (a)Car Financing — Asset finance for the purchase of a motor vehicle, with up to 100% financing subject to credit approval. Provided by NCBA Bank Kenya PLC.
- (b)Logbook Financing — A logbook-secured loan facility enabling vehicle owners to unlock liquidity against a vehicle they already own. Provided by NCBA Bank Kenya PLC.
- (c)Insurance Premium Financing — A short-term credit facility enabling Users to pay motor insurance premiums in affordable monthly instalments. Provided by NCBA Bank Kenya PLC.
- (d)Car Lease — A vehicle lease arrangement enabling Users to drive a vehicle with affordable periodic payments without purchasing it outright. Provided by NCBA Leasing LLP.
- (e)Motor Insurance — Comprehensive and third-party motor vehicle insurance products underwritten by approved insurers, distributed through NCBA Bancassurance.
CarDuka acts as an access point and is not the lender, insurer, or lessor. Decisions on credit approval, insurance cover, and lease terms are made exclusively by the relevant NCBA entity and are not within CarDuka's control. Applications for NCBA financial products submitted through CarDuka will result in your relevant Personal Data being shared with the relevant NCBA entity as described in the Privacy Policy.
15. Trade-In Marketplace
The CarDuka Trade-In Marketplace operates as follows:
- (a)Users list their current vehicle in the Trade-In section;
- (b)CarDuka quality-checks the listing and, where appropriate, publishes it to the Dealer panel;
- (c)Verified Dealers may submit offers for the trade-in vehicle;
- (d)The User receives offers from Dealers and may accept or decline any offer at their sole discretion;
- (e)The User is under no obligation to accept the highest or any offer;
- (f)Accepted trade-in value may, at the User's election, be applied as a deposit or credit towards the purchase of another vehicle through the Platform; and
- (g)CarDuka does not guarantee any minimum trade-in value for any vehicle.
16. AI-Powered Features
CarDuka employs artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning for: personalised vehicle recommendations; AI-generated car reviews and condition assessments; pricing guidance and valuation estimates; chatbot assistance; and fraud detection.
Important: AI-generated content — including pricing estimates, car reviews, and recommendations — is for informational and guidance purposes only and does not constitute professional, financial, legal, or mechanical advice. Pricing estimates are indicative only and do not represent a binding valuation. Users should not make significant financial decisions based solely on AI-generated content without conducting independent due diligence. Where a User disagrees with an AI-generated output, they may request a human review by contacting
hello@carduka.com.
17. User Ratings and Trust Scores
CarDuka may maintain trust scores and ratings for Users based on their activity, transaction history, verification status, and feedback from counterparties. The following rules apply:
- (a)Ratings are calculated based on objective transaction and verification data and subjective feedback from counterparties;
- (b)Trust scores may affect a User's visibility on the Platform, eligibility to participate in certain services, and the speed of certain verification processes;
- (c)A User who believes that a rating or trust score is inaccurate or the result of fraudulent feedback may raise a dispute by contacting hello@carduka.com within thirty (30) days of the rating being published; and
- (d)CarDuka will investigate rating disputes and respond within fourteen (14) working days. Where a rating is found to have been submitted in bad faith, CarDuka may remove it and take appropriate action against the User who submitted it.
18. CarDuka-Specific Disclaimers
- (a)CarDuka is not responsible for defects, discrepancies, or misrepresentations in Listings and Buyers rely on Listing information at their own risk.
- (b)Pricing guidance, AI-generated valuations, and market estimates displayed on the Platform are indicative only and do not constitute a warranty or guarantee of value.
- (c)CarDuka is not responsible for the quality, safety, or legal status of vehicles listed by Sellers, or for the completion of any Transaction between Users.
- (d)Third-Party Advertisements — The Platform displays advertisements served by Google AdSense. CarDuka does not endorse, control, or accept responsibility for the content, accuracy, or availability of third-party advertisements. Advertisements are served in contextual-only mode and do not involve profiling of your personal data. CarDuka is not responsible for any loss or damage arising from your interaction with third-party advertisements or the websites they link to.